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The proteins (37%), carbohydrates (24.4%) and lipids (30.1%) contents of S. platensis from Nomayos provide the body with its structural and energy needs for about 518.8 Kcal per 100g of spirulina. Polyphenols (56.4 mEq. QE / g ES.), flavanols (13.2 mEq. QE / g ES.) flavonoids (21.2 mEq. QE / g ES.), carotenoids (3, 8%) and phycocyanin (16.15%) is responsible of its antioxidant capacities (7.5 + 0.33 mg eq. Vit C/g ES) and for a significant decrease in malondialdehyde MDA (< 0.001) concentration. Zinc (25 mG/Kg), Iron (256 mG/Kg), Selenium (1.24 mG/Kg), Manganese (23mG/Kg) and Copper (28.95 mG/Kg) reinforce this antioxidant power because they are cofactors of enzymes (Superoxide dismutase, Peroxidase, Catalase) which ensure the fight against free radicals. The presence of phycocyanin is an asset for the anti-inflammatory action. The significant decrease in IL-8 (p < 0.001) and TNF alpha (p < 0.04) levels confirms this property. On the other hand, the nonsignificant increase in Il-6 (1.56 to 2.18 pg/m;p > 0.05) would be partly responsible for the rise in CD4 levels (p < 0.001) and the reduction in viral load in immune deficiency patients (p = 0.000) supplemented with spirulina. In conclusion, S. platensis from Nomayos by its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immuno-stimulatory properties would be a good supplement food for subjects at risk of developing severe forms of COVID-19.
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The aim of the article is to show the development of the volume and value of natural honey production, its import and export, and prices in Poland against the background of the situation in other countries in the European Union in the years 2000-2020 and as part of market changes globally. The study used the source of information from the FAOSTAT 2022 database. The production of honey in Poland, in other EU countries and around the world was characterized by an upward trend in the analyzed period. The biggest problem is China, which supplies the market with every fourth kilogram of honey product, while the EU accounts for about 13%. In the top thirty producers of natural honey, there are 11 European countries, including 9 from the EU - Poland is in fourth position. Self sufficiency in terms of honey is 60%, which is why the turnover in foreign trade of honey is dynamically increasing in terms of quantity and value. Overall, the honey trade balance in the EU was negative. The structure of honey exports and imports from and to the EU has changed, which is the result of random factors, i.e. the Covid-19 pandemic, Russia's aggression in Ukraine, and various economic, demographic, social and environmental factors.
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This article sums up the possible impact of honey in the amelioration of COVID-19 induced recognized pathogenesis. The pandemic due to the current outbreak of COVID-19 infected thousands of individuals round the globe. The indicator of COVID-19 infection suggests that increased inflammation, oxidation, and an overstressed immune reaction are key contributor of COVID-19 pathogenesis. This overstressed immune response leads to numerous cytokine production and consequently and led to the development of severe injury in lungs (ALI)/acute respiratory distress disorder and in some conditions becomes reason of death. Honey is formed when honey bees collect nectar from various, and then process it to form the honey. It is a natural remedy to reduce the incidence of various diseases, due to its potential anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, immune booster, antiviral, anti-diabetic, antimicrobial, anti-proliferative, cardiovascular, neurological and gastrointestinal diseases and anti-metastatic properties. Honey has been used for the curing of bronchial asthma, throat infections, tuberculosis, thirst, hiccups, fatigue, and hepatitis and also for the ALI/ARDS treatment caused by virus or any other pathogen. Doctors recommend honey as a nutritional supplement to boost the immunity of patients under critical conditions, reducing oxidative stress, inflammation, viral infections that confirm that honey may be used to combat the infection and other complications caused by COVID-19 pandemic. There are many reports which reveal that honey may be used in bacterial and viral infections such as COVID-19, however, further experimental studies are required to validate these speculations.
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Introduction and Objective: The current challenge for medicine and the related disciplines is the development of methods and algorithms for dealing with the development of new diseases which undoubtedly include post-Covid-19 irritable bowel syndrome (P-IBS). This review is aimed at presentation of up-to-date scientific evidence on the impact of COVID-19 disease on development of post-Covid-19 irritable bowel syndrome. Review methods: The literature was reviewed using search engine data from PubMed, Google Scholar and the Medline databases. Brief description of the state of knowledge: At present, there are no guidelines or recommendations concerning therapeutic management of patients with post-Covid-19 irritable bowel syndrome. Therefore, the general standard of treatment for patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) was reviewed. It is considered that the use of personalized low-FODMAP diet under the control of a clinical dietitian may be a good support in the treatment of IBS. Moreover, it seems advisable to supply personalized probiotic therapy based on the supplementation of strains with proven clinical effect. A new branch of probiotic therapy based on the use of psychobiotics in IBS patients as a form of support therapy also brings high hopes. Summary: The use of personalized low-FODMAP dietary supply and targeted probiotic therapy, including psychobiotherapy, could potentially be an effective method of supporting the treatment of patients suffering from post-Covid-19 irritable bowel syndrome. Currently, there are no guidelines for the routine use of the aforementioned methods. The need for further scientific research into the mechanisms of action and effectiveness of interventions in the context of P-IBS is indicated.
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The development of Chinese edible fungus industry in recent years not only had favorable policy environment such as targeted poverty alleviation and a large health industry, but also was suffered the temporary impact of COVID-19. Under this situation, this paper analyzes the fundamentals of Chinese edible mushroom development, and its stability and internality, considering the countermeasures to meet the transfer of the global edible mushroom innovation center and recognizing the importance of independent innovation and original innovation in the science and technology of edible mushroom industry. It hoped to realize the reform of Chinese edible mushroom industry in terms of innovation mechanism, talent training and R&D investment, and joint efforts to achieve a strong edible mushroom country.
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Purpose: Childhood obesity has become a social problem due to the social distancing necessitated by the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. This study aimed to identify the dietary problems of obese children through various dietary assessment methods and to confirm the usefulness of each method. Methods: The subjects were 88 students in the 4th to 6th grade of elementary school who participated in the nutrition camp organised by the Busan Metropolitan Office of Education, 2020. To evaluate dietary problems and assess diet quality, 24-hour meal records, monthly food intake frequency, and Dietary Screening Test (DST) data were analyzed. Results: Of the subjects, 15.7%, 30.3%, and 53.9% were normal weight, overweight, and obese, respectively. The average age was 11.77 +or- 0.77 years and the average body mass index was 23.96 +or- 3.01 kg/m2. It was observed from the 24-hour meal record method that the overweight and obese subject groups consumed fewer green vegetables (p < 0.001) and white vegetables (p < 0.01) than the normal weight group. In the monthly food intake frequency method, the consumption of ramen (p < 0.01), snacks (p < 0.05), and sausages (p < 0.05) were high in the obese group, and that of anchovies, broccoli, and sweet pumpkin was high in the normal group (p < 0.05). The comparative data from the DST revealed that the overweight and obese groups had less vegetable intake than the normal weight group (p < 0.01) and had higher intakes of dairy products, fast food, and sweet snacks (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The usefulness of each method in the dietary evaluation of obese children was confirmed. To address the problem of obesity, it is necessary to evaluate the dietary problem and approach it with a customized solution tailor-made for the individual subject.
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Background: Research began on botanical/herbal organisms to study plant cells. The idea behind this was that plant cells have basic similar actions as do animal cells (i.e., both are Eukaryotic cells). These cells can show what activity is produced from the Technology/Innovation behind ImunStem, without risk to animals or humans, and still retrieve data to verify the theory. By using plants and studying plant cell activity, then later comparing plant cell, animal cells, and human cell responses, it thus shows activity for all cell structures. The activity was also studied from patients taking ImunStem for the indication of Serious or Life-threatening conditions or diseases. Patient medical report results showed an overall improvement in bodily function as blood report results were compared. Patients that were administered ImunStem showed improvement in their overall health and patients with chronic disease had reduced pain as ImunStem was administered over time. The pain was reduced because the body was in the healing process and a reduction in inflammation would occur during healing and the patient's health would improve. ImunStem was produced based on the theory that the product could rejuvenate the cell and bring the cell back to a homeostasis balance. This balance to the cell (through nutrition) can give the surrounding cells a homeostasis balance that may heal cells and tissues in the body. It is believed that the function of a Quantum Wave effect is explained through the discipline of Quantum Mechanics. The Quantum Wave may disrupt the subatomic particles that provide adhesion to allow the product through the cell wall and move to its target location. In Quantum Mechanics, particles have wavelike properties. The Schrodinger equation, for example, governs how these waves behave. Methods: Administration of ImunStem was given to patients in a life-threatening situation where no standard acceptable treatment was available and in which there was not sufficient time to obtain approval from the Institutional Review Board. Results: ImunStem showed positive medical results for patients with Serious or Life-threatening conditions or diseases, which prompted the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to move forward so patients could be provided treatment that was not otherwise available to them from their physicians/doctors. ImunStem was applied for and received its New Drug Application (NDA) No.: 204701 with the indication of Serious or Life-threatening conditions or diseases and National Drug Code (NDC) No.: 70642-001-01 on July 02, 2018. Golden Sunrise submitted an NDA application on January 07, 2013, November 05, 2018, and April 03, 2020 with a request for FDA Fast Track designation, Breakthrough Therapy designation, Accelerated Approval designation, and Priority Review program process are the pathway allowing the ImunStem product to receive acceptance by the FDA.
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Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an ongoing worldwide pandemic affecting a large population regardless of gender, age, and ethnicity. The persistence of the COVID-19 symptoms has become a significant health issue and is collectively called "Long COVID". It can be described as the presence of symptoms of COVID even after the recovery from the viral infection. The prolonged symptoms in the patients could be due to various reasons and factors. Prolonged fatigue is a common symptom of Long COVID in patients even after they have recovered from the viral infection. Currently, only rehabilitation has shown promising results in managing the symptoms of Long COVID. Although pharmaceutical drugs have shown potential in treating the symptoms of Long COVID, more clinical evidence is required to confirm its treatment with less to no side effects;since it's a new disease, the in-depth knowledge of the same is still evolving. Another healthier approach to treating the symptoms of Long COVID could be dietary supplements or "Nutraceuticals", identified as an alternative to pharmaceuticals, including nutritional supplements, derived nutrients, and dietary and herbal products that display physiological advantages. Nutritional strategies can also play a role in treating hospitalized patients as maintaining the immune system is critical to combat viral infection. Nutraceuticals may be a practical and healthier approach to managing the symptoms of Long COVID or COVID-19. Although ample clinical evidence is present for the treatment of symptoms of COVID-19, further studies in treating Long COVID or its symptoms are required.
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Adequate nutrition has become a priority for the psychologically and emotionally affected population, especially those under stress due to quarantine and people affected by Coronavirus Disease in 2019 (COVID-19). However, records on eating behavior variations due to Brazil's pandemic are still incipient, and it is crucial to know and identify frequent incentives that arouse interest in a class of products. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the final consumer behaviors and the consumption influence of citrus fruits and their products, as a vitamin C source, in the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. By applying an online questionnaire prepared on the Google.. Forms platform, a survey was conducted with the voluntary participation of 546 unidentified respondents. The answers obtained made it possible to trace the participants' sociodemographic characteristics and consumption habits. According to the interviewees, there was a predominance of adults between 25 and 34 years old, female, single, living in the Southeast macro-region, and people with a master's and doctorate. level education. With the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, most of the population interviewed did not change their consumption of citrus fruits and their products, but the place of purchase changed, possibly due to social isolation. Marketing is of fundamental importance in the Brazilian citrus industry, which is facing the challenge of encouraging a healthier diet and searching for expansion of the fresh fruit market.
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The aim was to investigate the use of bee products in Piaui state during the COVID-19 pandemic. To that end, data were collected remotely via an online form sent on WhatsApp and Instagram. Sampling was stratified considering the four mesoregions of Piaui and the sex of the participants using the Survey Monkey calculator. After stratification, the study contained 392 participants. A total of 85.46% of the interviewees reported regularly consuming bee products, primarily (24.78%) due to their nutritional potential. During the pandemic, 79.34% used bee products, honey being the most consumed (59.16%), followed by propolis honey (26.04%) and propolis alone (4.82%). With respect to COVID-19-related use, 23.47% and 3.21% of the subjects related consumption for disease prevention and treatment, respectively. In general, there was a 37.24% increase in the consumption of bee products during the pandemic, but most of the participants (52.05%) did not know the extent of the increase.
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Corona virus disease 2019 (Covid-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome-corona virus (SARS-CoV-2) was an ongoing global pandemic. SARS-CoV-2 affects human respiratory tract epithelial cells causing a pro-inflammatory cytokine stormed and chronic lung inflammation. Cytokine stormed was an offensive inflammatory response to Covid-19 infection in some patients. These cytokine storms could damage the lungs, digestive tract, brain, cardiovascular system, liver, kidneys, microcirculation, and eyes with many patients dying every day, efforts to found vaccines and special antiviral drug preparations were currently being explored. The mechanisms of probiotics, prebiotics, and diets with anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunity had presented opportunities for the discovery of microbial therapies to prevent and treat Covid19. Probiotics were lived microorganisms which when administered in appropriate and adequate amounts could provided health benefits for the human digestive tract. Prebiotics were selective food ingredients needed by intestinal probiotic microbes as a source of nutrients for their growth and viability. Various emerging scientific evidence supports the hypothesis that probiotics and prebiotics acted as antiviral and immunomodulators that could improved the human immune system. The mechanism of prebiotics in enhancing immunity against Covid-19 was by promoting the maturation, differentiation, and reproduction of lymphocytes and macrophages, activating the reticuloendothelial system, increasing the proportion of CD8+ IEL. The mechanism of probiotics in increasing immunity to fought covid-19 was by increasing the activity of t cells (T-suppressor), T-helper (CD4+), Natural Killer cells, increasing IL-10, increasing the phagocytic capacity of polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells.
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The new corona virus illness (COVID-19) swept around the world, quickly creating a serious international disaster. For the treatment and prevention of COVID-19, apitherapy appears to be a viable source of pharmacological and nutraceutical medicines. Honey, pollen, propolis, royal jelly, beeswax, and bee venom, for example, have been demonstrated to have significant antiviral action against infections that cause severe respiratory syndromes, including those produced by human corona viruses. Furthermore, many of these natural products are involved in the induction of antibody production, maturation of immune cells, and stimulation of innate and adaptive immunological responses and many of them are involved in the induction of antibody production, maturation of immune cells, and stimulation of innate and adaptive immunological responses.
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Background: Life during the COVID-19 pandemic was miserable, most of the people were in a panic situation either because of being affected by COVID-19 or losing their near and dear ones. Majority of Indian population was in the trauma condition impacting physical and mental health directly or indirectly either due to the infection or repeated lockdowns. Aim: The present study was carried out to gain knowledge of people's physical and mental health such as anxiety, depression, and stress during the period of the pandemic in the year 2021. Material and methods: The standard questionnaires were used to conduct the online survey using google form. The questionnaire contains five sections and collects the information on anxiety, stress, depression, and physical activities. The survey started on May 23, 2021, and ended on June 2, 2021 by circulating the link through emails, WhatsApp, and messages. Result: A total of 291 people participated in this survey process and all responses were analyzed, out of which 165 were men and 126 were women. It was calculated that 59.4% of men and 40.6% of women were affected by COVID-19. Total 49.5% of people affected by COVID-19 were in favor of improvement in physical and mental performance while taking dietary supplements. Whereas 19.8% denied the statement and 28.7% of people saw slight changes in their health status. Conclusions: During the pandemic people were mostly affected by anxiety, depression, stress, and physical health and to cope with these situations dietary supplements surely be the utilitarian for the society. Through this study, it was found that if a person includes both exercise and nutraceutical products in their lifestyle, there will be a chance of living a sustainable and healthy life.
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The COVID-19 pandemic has been one of the most unprecedented crises of recent decades with a global effect on society and the economy. It has triggered changes in the behavior and consumption patterns of both final consumer and industrial consumers. The consumption patterns of industrial consumers are also influenced by changes in consumer values, environmental regulations, and technological developments. One of the technological highlights of the last decade is biocomposite materials being increasingly used by the packaging industry. The pandemic has highlighted the problems and challenges of the development of biocomposites to adapt to new market conditions. This study aims to investigate the industrial consumption of biocomposite materials and the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on the main stages of the value chain of sustainable industrial consumption of biocomposites. The research results reveal there is a growing interest in the use of biocomposites. Suppliers and processors of raw materials are being encouraged to optimize and adapt cleaner production processes in the sustainable transition pathway. The study highlights the positive impact of COVID-19 on the feedstock production, raw material processing, and packaging manufacturing stages of the value chain as well as the neutral impact on the product manufacturing stage and negative impact on the retail stage. The companies willing to move toward the sustainable industrial chain have to incorporate economic, environmental, social, stakeholder, volunteer, resilience, and long-term directions within their strategies.
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This article discusses the impact of COVID-19 restrictions on beer production and consumption in Europe, with a focus on Friuli Venezia Giulia region in Italy. The pandemic restrictions have resulted in a contraction in the production and consumption of beer in Europe in 2020 and 2021. However, Italy has seen a recovery in the beer sector due to a surge in demand in the HoReCa channel. In terms of off-trade outlets, such as supermarkets and retail sales, there has been a continued growth trend seen in previous years, with an increasing preference for low-alcohol or alcohol-free beers. Friuli Venezia Giulia has experienced a rise in the number of beer consumers by 3.1% in 2021, with every 100 people witnessing a rise of 1.5% compared to the previous year, making it the region with the highest percentage of beer consumers in Italy. The region has seen continuous growth in craft brewing companies, with 55 as of 31 March 2022. Microbreweries are the predominant business type, and e-commerce is a service offered by 36% of the craft companies. The environmental impact resulting from the activities of the companies studied varies, and there is significant room for improvement in the future. Overall, the craft brewing industry in Friuli Venezia Giulia shows continued growth and development, contributing to the economic development of rural areas.
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The modern food market is undergoing a period of rapid development following the changes in marketing technologies and consumer behavior patterns. Nowadays, people pay more attention to the quality and composition of food products, as well as their functional properties. The present article reviews the international and Russian market of functional foods in order to define the consumer demand for new specialized products. The methods included data comparison, grouping, and systematization. The analysis involved Russian and foreign papers published in 2018-2022 and registered in Scopus, eLibrary, Cyberleninka, and the Library of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research. It also covered the National Demography Project, the Healthy Nutrition Project, and the Strategy for Improving the Quality of Food Products through 2030. Consumers' growing interest in improving their health and immune system proved to be the key factor in the functional food market. The COVID-19 pandemic intensified such trends as the priority of healthy, high-protein, and low-sugar foods. Japan and the USA are the current leaders on this market. Russia supports healthy food policy at the state level. The functional food market is likely to become the most promising and competitive sector of global food economy. Consumer demand for these products is steadily growing: the volume of demand for functional food products will reach 17 trillion rubles by 2027. However, Russian food science needs more research in this area to catalyze import substitution. The Omsk Agrarian University has numerous projects that are meant to increase the competitiveness of the domestic functional food industry.
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Insects are commonly eaten by more than two billion people around the world. EFSA's recent approval of Tenebrio molitor larvae as food paves the way for insect consumption in the European Union. The introduction of insects as food in the diet of Western countries could be an environmental- friendly solution to the growing demand for animal proteins over intensive farming. Despite advances in legislation and food safety, there is still a cultural barrier to be overcome, which still considers insects as organisms harmful to agriculture and humans.
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To clarify the most suitable fish paste for preparing lion's head meatballs, this study investigated the effect of adding 6 different silver carp fish pastes: fresh unwashed (group 1-1), fresh washed (group 1-2), frozen unwashed without antifreeze agent (group 2-1), frozen washed without antifreeze agent (group 2-2), frozen unwashed with antifreeze agent (group 3-1), and frozen washed with antifreeze agent (group 3-2) on the basic nutrients, color, texture properties, waterholding capacity, sensory and flavor properties, thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARs) value, and total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) content of pork/fish composite meatballs. The results showed that the contents of protein and fat in meatballs from groups 2-1 and 2-2 were lower than those in groups 3-1 and 3-2, and the contents of water, protein and fat were 61.68%, 11.32% and 19.41% for group 2-1, and 62.45%, 11.09% and 19.33% for group 2-2, respectively. The gel properties, hardness, elasticity, cohesion, and sensory quality of groups 3-1 and 3-2 were significantly higher than those of groups 2-1 and 2-2 (P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference compared with groups 1-1 and 1-2. The odor response value of groups 3 was lower than that of groups 1, and groups 3 had the highest sweetness value (3 039.66) and lowest bitterness value (534.59). The TBARs value and TVB-N content in groups 1-2, 2-2, and 3-2 (with washed fish paste) were significantly lower than those in groups 1-1, 2-1 and 3-1 (with unwashed fish paste) (P < 0.05). Since fresh fish paste is not easy to store and subject to spoilage, frozen washed fish paste with antifreeze agent can be used to produce composite meatballs.
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According to a European market survey conducted by Innova Market Insights, the main area of customers' concern is related to stress management: 47% of consumers identified it with low mood, while 41% linked it with sleep interruptions. According to a different American Psychological Association poll, 78% of American adults say that the pandemic is a substantial source of stress in their lives, and 67% of those adults claim to have noticed an increase in stress during the Covid-19 outbreak. In this situation, dietary supplements might provide a sophisticated way to assist clients in enhancing their mood, sleep, and cognitive function throughout a trying time. This increased interest may also be attributed to the numerous studies conducted in recent years that link the immune system, gut, and brain, leading to the creation of several substances that have been shown to regulate stress and its associated negative effects. Prior to now, the market has focused on a wider aspect of mental wellbeing related to modern living, stress management, mental fatigue, concentration and memory performances, sleep quality, and depression. In the past, the mental health category has offered solutions to improve mental performance and relaxation. Bacteria can so easily join the market for mental health products, especially in light of recent developments in pharmaceutical formulation research that have made it possible to combine probiotics with botanicals to achieve the best of both worlds. In order to give 360 degree support for mental health, innovative ways that combine several actives were developed as a result of this insight.
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The analysis of the literature of the RSCI and Web of Science on the multifunctionality of useful properties of mesophilic lactic acid bacteria Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis, which have been used by humans for centuries in the preparation of fermented products as a way to preserve milk and food raw materials. Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactiscan become a resource for various biologically active substances - potential metabiotics, such as: bacteriocins, organic acids, short-chain fatty acids, antioxidants, adhesins, neurotransmitters. New areas of their application as suppliers of bioprotective agents for preventive therapy and the development of oral vaccines are described, which is important for the prevention and control of infections that pose an additional danger to patients during the COVID-19 pandemic.